A process for disproportionating isoparaffins and paraffins in the presence of at least one initiator is disclosed. The product from the disproportionation contains a gasoline range material having a higher octane-rating than the isoparaffins and paraffins in the feed and a diesel range material having a higher cetane number than the isoparaffins and paraffins in the feed.

The invention presents a hydrocarbon sensor excellent in yield and high in detection precision. To achieve the object, the invention includes a solid electrolyte layer (1) contained barium-cerium oxide, a pair of electrodes, cathode (2) and anode (3), provided on the solid electrolyte layer (1), a ceramic substrate (4) having a coefficient of thermal expansion nearly same as that of the solid electrolyte layer (1), and a heater (7) provided on the ceramic substrate (4), in which the solid electr...

Low concentrations, 1 10% of potassium salt, especially potassium formate, are used in a drilling fluid in oil production. Preferably they are used with guar derivatives, most preferably carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar. The concentration of potassium formate is maintained at the desired level by adjusting the potassium formate to maintain a desired Zeta potential in the circulating drilling fluid. The potassium formate/guar derivative composition may be used in the substantial absence of hydrop...

Hydrocarbon fluids are provided which have ASTM D-86 boiling point ranges within 235.degree. C. to 400.degree. C. and a naphthenic content greater than 60%, the naphthenics containing polycyclic materials, the fluids preferably have an aromatic content below 2% and an aniline point below 100.degree. C. The fluids are particularly useful solvents for printing inks, drilling fluids, metal working fluids and as silicone extenders.

A method for controlling fouling of a heat exchanger that operates downstream of a cracking furnace by injecting liquid water upstream of the heat exchanger.

(Hydrocarbon-peroxy hydrocarbon) phosphonates, useful as polymerization initiators, may be prepared by the reaction of a hydroperoxide with a phosphonate of an unsaturated hydrocarbon.

The present invention relates to a limiting-current type hydrocarbon sensor comprising a solid-electrolytic layer made of a Ba--Ce-based oxide, and provides a sensor capable of stably detecting hydrocarbon at high sensitivity, regardless of the concentration of oxygen in an atmosphere. A material mainly containing Al is used for at least one of two electrodes on the solid-electrolytic layer made of a Ba--Ce-based oxide to block oxygen at the electrode, i.e. cathode, whereby a hydrocarbon sensor ...

Liquid hydrocarbons are gelled by the introduction of a phosphate ester and a crosslinking agent. Gelling times and viscosities are improved through the use of an enhancer which is, preferably, an oxyalkylated amine or a blend of an oxyalkylated amine with another amine or a non-nitrogen-containing component. Preferred phosphate esters are ether phosphate esters.

A method of transforming a normally gaseous composition consisting essentially of methane into a material comprising a major portion, at least, of hydrocarbons containing at least two carbon atoms; the method comprising the steps of feeding the composition into a reactor including a first electrode means, a second electrode means and at least one layer of a normally solid dielectric material positioned between the first and the second electrode means; submitting the composition within the reacto...

A limiting-current-type hydrocarbon sensor of the present invention comprises a solid electrolyte formed of a barium-cerium-based oxide, capable of detecting hydrocarbon stably and accurately regardless of whether no oxygen is present or a high concentration of oxygen is present. The cathode on the surface of the solid electrolyte is formed of an alloyed layer including Au and Al. In particular, an alloyed layer including an Al--Au intermediate phase is suited for the alloyed layer of the cathod...